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1. The EWRS shall enable the Commission, the ECDC, and the competent authorities responsible at national level to be in permanent communication for the purposes of preparedness, early warning and response, alert notifications, assessing public health risks and determining the measures that may be required to protect public health.

2. The management and operational use of the EWRS shall involve the exchange of personal data in specific cases where the relevant legal instruments so provide. Such management and use shall include:

(a) the processing of personal data of authorised users of the system; and (b) the processing of health data and other personal data when strictly necessary for the purpose for which those data were transmitted, through the EWRS selective messaging functionality, in accordance with Article 28. Taking into account Member States’ opinions, the ECDC shall continuously update the EWRS, allowing for the use of modern technologies such as digital mobile applications, artificial intelligence models, space-enabled applications, or other technologies for automated contact tracing, building upon the contact-tracing technologies developed by the Member States or by the Union and used for the purpose of combatting serious cross-border threats to health. The ECDC, in close cooperation with Member States, shall facilitate interoperability with national systems for the purposes of the EWRS. The ECDC shall also provide technical assistance to the competent authorities responsible at national level, including training following updates to the EWRS.

3. Each Member State shall designate the competent authority or authorities responsible at national level for notifying alerts and determining the measures required to protect public health, for the purposes of early warning and response in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, as well as Articles 19 and 20.

4. The Commission shall, by means of implementing acts, adopt procedures concerning the information exchange with other rapid alert systems at Union and international levels, including exchange of personal data, in order to ensure the proper functioning of the EWRS and to avoid the overlapping of activities or conflicting actions with existing structures and mechanisms for preparedness for, monitoring, early warning of and combatting serious cross-border threats to health, in a coordinated One Health approach. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 29(2).