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1. ‘Genetically modified organism’ or ‘GMO’ means genetically modified organism as defined in Article 2(2) of Directive 2001/18/EC, excluding organisms obtained through the techniques of genetic modification listed in Annex IB to Directive 2001/18/EC; 2. ‘Produced from GMOs’ means derived, in whole or in part, from GMOs, but not containing or consisting of GMOs; 3. ‘Traceability’ means the ability to trace GMOs and products produced from GMOs at all stages of their placing on the market through the production and distribution chains; 4. ‘Unique identifier’ means a simple numeric or alphanumeric code which serves to identify a GMO on the basis of the authorised transformation event from which it was developed and providing the means to retrieve specific information pertinent to that GMO; 5. ‘Operator’ means a natural or legal person who places a product on the market or who receives a product that has been placed on the market in the Community, either from a Member State or from a third country, at any stage of the production and distribution chain, but does not include the final consumer;

6. ‘Final consumer’ means the ultimate consumer who will not use the product as part of any business operation or activity; 7. ‘Food’ means food as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (); 8. ‘Ingredient’ means ingredient as referred to in Article 6(4) of Directive 2000/13/EC (); 9. ‘Feed’ means feed as defined in Article 3(4) of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002; 10. ‘Placing on the market’ means placing on the market as defined in the specific Community legislation under which the relevant product has been authorised; in other cases, it is defined as in Article 2(4) of Directive 2001/18/EC; 11. ‘The first stage of the placing on the market of a product’ means the initial transaction in the production and distribution chains, where a product is made available to a third party; 12. ‘Pre-packaged product’ means any single item offered for sale consisting of a product and the packaging into which it was put before being offered for sale, whether such packaging encloses the product completely or only partially, provided that the contents cannot be altered without opening or changing the packaging.